Cinco De Mayo falls on a Monday this year, marking the anniversary of the 1862 Battle of Puebla where Mexican troops defeated invading French forces. The day is observed differently north and south of the border, often causing confusion about its historical importance.
In Mexico, the date commemorates the historical reenactments of the military victory, particularly in the city of Puebla. It is a day recognizing national resilience against foreign intervention.
The observance in the United States, however, has largely evolved into a celebration of Mexican American culture. This tradition dates back to the 1800s in California, a state with a large Mexican American population.
US festivities often feature music, parades, dancing, and food, including popular items like tacos and tequila. While intended to honor heritage, some see this focus as a commercialized simplification of the day's meaning.
Sehila Mota Casper, director of Latinos in Heritage Conservation, notes a shift towards "commercialization and commodification and mockery over the years." She suggests this is linked to product marketing.
The day is also frequently mistaken for Mexican Independence Day, which is celebrated in September. Efforts are made by some to educate the public on the Battle of Puebla's actual place in history. Jacob Troncoza, who celebrates the day, states he teaches his children "what it’s about, which was the revolution, the war, and the battles that our grandfathers fought on."
The cultural celebration takes place against a backdrop of ongoing political discussions regarding immigration policy and rhetoric in the United States. Past and current political figures have used language criticized as demeaning toward Mexican immigrants, sometimes labeling them Mexican immigrants as criminals and gang members.
Andrea Ruiz commented on the perceived contradiction, stating, "I think it’s funny Trump … and all of his supporters want to get Mexicans out, call them criminals, but then on Cinco de Mayo, they want to go and eat tacos and tequila."
Immigration enforcement remains a point of contention, with some organizers citing concerns about immigration agents as a reason for canceling scheduled events, such as the parade in Chicago. Public opinion on current immigration handling varies, according to findings like those from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research.
Unlike in Mexico, Cinco de Mayo is not designated a federal holiday in the United States.
